HISTORY OF The Capital City of Jakarta

Jakarta Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta) is the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta is the only city in Indonesia that has province-level status. Jakarta is located on the northwest coast of Java Island. Was once known as Sunda Kelapa (before 1527), Jayakarta (1527-1619), Batavia / Batauia, or Jaccatra (1619-1942), Jakarta Tokubetsu Shi (1942-1945) and Djakarta (1945-1972). Internationally Jakarta also has nicknames like J-Town, or more popular The Big Durian because it is considered comparable cities New York City (Big Apple) in Indonesia.Jakarta has an area of ​​approximately 661.52 km² (oceans: 6977.5 km²), with a population of 10,187,595 inhabitants (2011). The metropolitan area of ​​Jakarta (Jabodetabek) of about 28 million inhabitants, is the largest metropolis in Southeast Asia and second in the world.As a center of business, politics, and culture, Jakarta is home to the head offices of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign companies. It is also the seat of the government agencies and the ASEAN secretariat office. Jakarta is served by two airports, namely Soekarno-Hatta and Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, and three sea ports in Tanjung Priok, Sunda Kelapa, and Ancol.

HISTORY:

EtymologyJakarta name has been used since the Japanese occupation in 1942, to refer to the territory of the former government, which was inaugurated Gemeente Batavia Dutch East Indies in 1905.Nama is considered to be the abbreviation of the word Jayakarta (Devanagari जयकृत), given by the Demak and Cirebon below leader Fatahillah (Faletehan) after the attack and occupy the port of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527. the name is usually translated as "city of victory" or "city of the glory", but the true meaning is "the victory by an act or effort".Other forms of spelling the name of the city has long been used. Portuguese historian João de Barros, in Décadas da Asia (1553) mentions the existence of "Xacatara by another name Caravam (Falkirk)". A document (charter) from Banten (k. 1600) read expert epigraphy Van der Tuuk also have mentioned the term wong Jaketra, likewise Jaketra name is also mentioned in the letters of the Sultan of Banten and sajarah Banten (cantos 45 and 47) as has been investigated Hoessein Djajadiningrat. Cornelis de Houtman report in 1596 called the Prince Wijayakrama as koning van Jacatra (king Jakarta).

Sunda Kelapa (397-1527)Jakarta was first known as a port of Sunda kingdom called Sunda Kalapa, located at the mouth of the Ciliwung River. The capital of the Kingdom of Sunda known as Dayeuh Pakuan Padjadjaran or Pajajaran (now Bogor) can be reached from the port of Sunda Kalapa during a two-day trip. According to Portuguese sources, Sunda Kalapa is one owned port other than port Sunda Kingdom of Banten, helter, Cigede, Tamgara and Cimanuk. Sunda Kalapa that in this text called Kalapa considered to harbor the most important because it can be reached from the capital of the kingdom which is called by the name Dayo (in Sundanese modern: dayeuh which means "capital city") within two days. Sunda kingdom itself is a continuation of the royal Tarumanagara the 5th century that the port is estimated to have been around since the 5th century and who is considered the capital of Tarumanagara called Sundapura.In the 12th century, the port is known as pepper busy port. Foreign vessels originating from China, Japan, South India, and the Middle East is already docked at this port carrying goods such as porcelain, coffee, silk, linen, perfumes, horses, wine, and dye in exchange for spices -rempah which became a trade commodity at the time.

Jayakarta (1527-1619)Luso Sundanese Padrão at the National Museum, JakartaThe Portuguese were the first Europeans who came to Jakarta. In the 16th century, Surawisesa, king of Sunda ask for help Portuguese in Malacca to establish a fort at Sunda Kelapa as protection from possible attack Cirebon that will secede from the Kingdom of Sunda. Efforts to request aid to the Portuguese in Malacca Surawisesa are captured by the Sundanese in rhyme story Seloka mundinglaya dikusumah, where Surawisesa diselokakan the title name is Mundinglaya. But before the fortification is done, Cirebon Demak assisted directly attack the port. The Sundanese call this a tragedy, because the attack membungihanguskan port city and killed many people there including the Sunda harbor harbormaster. Determination of the anniversary of Jakarta on June 22 by Sudiro, mayor of Jakarta, in 1956 is based on the tragedy of the occupation of the port of Sunda Kalapa by Fatahillah in 1527. Fatahillah changed the name of the town became Jayakarta which means "city of victory". Subsequently Sunan Gunung Jati from Cirebon Sultanate, over the administration at the Jayakarta to his son that Maulana Hasanuddin of Banten became sultan in the Sultanate of Banten.

Batavia (1619-1942)Pangeran Jayakarta troops handed over prisoners to Pangeran Jayakarta Netherlands.Former stadhuis building or city hall of Batavia. The building is now the Jakarta History Museum.The Netherlands came to Jayakarta around the end of the 16th century, after a layover in Banten in 1596. Jayakarta at the beginning of the 17th century was ruled by Prince Jayakarta, one of the relatives of the Sultanate of Banten. In 1619, the VOC led by Jan Pieterszoon Coen Jayakarta after defeating forces occupying the Sultanate of Banten and then changed its name to Batavia. During the Dutch colonization, Batavia developed into a large and important city. (See Batavia). For the construction of the city, the Netherlands has been importing slaves as workers. Most of them came from Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, China, and the Malabar coast, India. Some think that they is then formed a community known as the Betawi ethnic group. At that time only the Batavia area includes the area currently known as the Old City in North Jakarta. Before the arrival of the slaves, already the Sundanese people who live in areas such as public Jayakarta Jatinegara tribe. While the tribes of ethnic immigrants, in the days of the Dutch kolinialisme, forming regions their respective communities. Then in Jakarta there are areas of the former communities like Chinatown, Pekojan, Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bandan, Kampung Ambon, Kampung Bali, and Manggarai.On October 9, 1740, riots in Batavia with the murder of 5,000 people of Chinese. With the occurrence of these disturbances, many Chinese to flee the city and take the fight against the Dutch. [18] With the completion of Koningsplein (Gambir) in 1818, growing Batavia to the south. April 1, 1905 Capital of Batavia formed two municipal or gemeente, namely Gemeente Batavia and Meester Cornelis. In 1920, the Dutch built Menteng garden city, and the region into a new place for high-ranking Dutch replace Molenvliet north. In 1935, Batavia and Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) have been integrated into a region of Jakarta Raya.On January 1, 1926 the Dutch government passed a law to reform the system of decentralization and deconcentration wider. In Java formed the autonomous administration of the province. Provincie West Java was the first province that was formed in Java which was inaugurated by the decree dated January 1, 1926, and enacted the Statute (Statute) 1926 No. 326, No. 1928 27 jo No. 28, 1928 No. 438, and 1932 No. 507. Batavia became one Provincie residency in addition to Banten West Java, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Priangan, and Cirebon.

Jakarta (1945-present)Prior to 1959, Djakarta is part of West Java Province. In 1959, the City of Djakarta changing status of a municipality under a mayor be increased to a level area (Dati I) led by the governor. Who became the first governor was Soemarno Sosroatmodjo, an army doctor. Appointment of Governor of DKI time it is done directly by President Sukarno. In 1961, Djakarta status changed from the Regional Level One became Special Capital Region (DKI) and its governor still held by Sumarno.Since declared as the capital, Jakarta's population jumped very rapidly due to the manpower needs of government that almost all centered in Jakarta. Within 5 years the population of more than two times. Various bag new middle class neighborhood evolved, like Kebayoran Baru, Cempaka Putih, Pulo Mas, Tebet, and potty. Settlement centers are also being built independently by various ministries and state institutions such as Perumnas.In the reign of Soekarno, Jakarta undertake large construction projects, among others Gelora Bung Karno, the Istiqlal Mosque, and National Monument. In this period also Poros Merdeka-Thamrin-Sudirman was developed as a business center of the city, replacing the shaft Merdeka-Senen-Jatinegara-Salemba. The first large settlement center created by the private developer is Pondok Indah (PT Pembangunan Jaya) in the late 1970s in South Jakarta.The rate of population growth have been trying pressured by the governor Ali Sadikin in the early 1970s by stating Jakarta as a "closed city" for immigrants. This policy can not walk and forgotten in times next governor's leadership. Until now, Jakarta is still wrestling with the problems caused by overcrowding, such as flooding, congestion, and lack of adequate public transportation.In May 1998, riots in Jakarta that victimized many ethnic Chinese. MPR / DPR building occupied by students who want reform. This riot aftermath is the fall of President Suharto from the presidency.

sumber : wikipedia.